This video shows the working mechanism of Physik Instrumente (PI)’s Hybrid Stage. PI offers a unique hybrid concept with parent position measurement and closed-loop control. Some of the key features ...

Machines and processes are controlled using many strategies, from simple ladder logic to custom algorithms for specialized process control, but proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most ...

While current control and PWM switching play the most direct role in driving brushless DC motors, the motion profile and position-control loop are also essential.

The most common arrangement, which is used with only minor variations from small drives of say 0.5 kW up to the largest industrial drives of several megawatts, is the so-called two-loop control. This ...